Architecture — OSDU

OSDU-aligned architecture: core platform services, CCUS and Methane domain services, state machines, regulatory frameworks, and dVeracity integration.

OFP Grounding

All OSDU domain records inherit from OSDUActivityRecord :> OFPActivityRecord, establishing formal lineage to the Open Footprint standard data model. This ensures OFP provenance fields are present in every message flowing through the platform.

System Context

C4 Level 1

Top-level view of the OSDU Data Platform system: core platform, CCUS and Methane domain services, PubSub transport, and dVeracity bridge for OFP-grounded record export.

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Core Platform Services

C4 Level 2

15 industry-independent OSDU v1.0 core services plus 2 ecosystem extensions, and 2 domain-specific DDMS instances. Storage Service is the central persistence layer; all DDMS records flow through it.

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CCUS Data Flow

Sequence

End-to-end sequence for CO2 injection, containment assessment, and plume observation data flowing from site through CCUS DDMS to OSDU Storage, PubSub, and dVeracity.

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Methane Data Flow

Sequence

Measurement-to-report sequence: detection events from devices, emission quantification, bottom-up/top-down reconciliation, and OGMP 2.0 report compilation.

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CCUS Site Lifecycle

State Machine

State machine from geological characterization through injection, post-injection monitoring, closure monitoring, and site release. Emergency state reachable from any active phase on plume breach detection.

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Methane MRV Lifecycle

State Machine

Measure, Report, Verify cycle: detection, quantification, attribution, reporting, verification, and bottom-up vs top-down reconciliation. Reconciliation failure loops back to attribution.

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OGMP 2.0 Level Progression

State Machine

Gold Standard pathway from Level 1 (industry averages) to Level 5 (site-level measured + reconciled). Gold Standard requires Level 4/5 covering 95% of emissions within 3 years (operated) / 5 years (non-operated).

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SCEP Lifecycle

State Machine

Storage Complex Evidence Pack lifecycle: Draft → UnderReview → Certified → Suspended → Revoked. Anomaly detection triggers suspension; reassessment passes or fails lead back to Certified or Revoked. Version updates and carbon claim adjustments cycle within Certified.

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SCEP Data Flow

Sequence

End-to-end sequence for SCEP evidence management: containment integrity assessment, CO2 mass balance, MMV anomaly feedback, carbon claim adjustment, and OFP bidirectional handshake through the dVeracity bridge.

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15 Core Platform Services

OSDU Data Platform Standard v1.0 core services. Industry-independent microservices providing the data foundation. No domain logic resides in core services.

StorageService

Record CRUD, versioning, metadata lifecycle. Central persistence layer.

SearchService

Full-text and geo-spatial search. Elasticsearch/OpenSearch indexing.

SchemaService

Centralized schema governance, validation, and kind definitions.

EntitlementsService

Group-based ACL authorization for data, services, and users.

LegalService

LegalTag compliance, export restrictions, data residency.

NotificationService

Pub/sub for data change events across all services.

FileService

Dataset file storage, retrieval, and binary metadata management.

IndexerService

Document indexing engine synchronized with Storage Service.

CRS CatalogService

Coordinate Reference System definitions, EPSG codes, and catalog queries.

CRS ConversionService

Point and trajectory coordinate conversion between CRS definitions.

UnitService

Unit and dimension definitions following OSDU unit catalog.

DatasetService

Dataset registration, retrieval, lineage, and access patterns.

PartitionService

Multi-tenant data partition management, namespace isolation.

RegisterService

DDMS registration, action registration, subscription and topic management.

SecretService

Secure credential management for service-to-service authentication.

Ecosystem Extensions

Not in v1.0 core
WorkflowService

Apache Airflow DAG orchestration for data processing pipelines.

IngestionService

Manifest-based and CSV ingestion, validation, and persistence.

CCUS Domain Structure

7 Part Defs

Physical CCUS infrastructure from capture to geological storage. Infrastructure parts compose OFP-grounded activity records as operational data logs.

CO2CaptureFacility

Capture from flue gas or ambient air (post-combustion, DAC, BECCS).

TransportPipeline

CO2 transport with compression stations maintaining supercritical state.

InjectionWell

EPA UIC Class VI wells with integrity monitoring and pressure limits.

StorageReservoir

Geological formation with porosity, permeability, and capacity tracking.

MonitoringSystem

Seismic, pressure, groundwater, InSAR, soil gas, and gravimetry.

CO2Plume

Plume extent, migration rate, and containment status within permitted boundary.

CCUSSite

Top-level composition: capture facility, pipeline, wells, reservoir, monitoring, plume.

Methane Domain Structure

8 Part Defs

6 measurement device specializations (CEMS, OGI, drone, satellite, aircraft, fixed sensor), emission sources, and top-level MethaneSite composition.

CEMSStation

Continuous Emission Monitoring System. OGMP Level 4/5, 24/7 fixed.

OGICamera

Optical Gas Imaging. OGMP Level 3/4, periodic LDAR surveys.

DronePlatform

UAV with CH4 sensor. OGMP Level 4/5, aerial site scanning.

SatelliteInstrument

Space-based detection. OGMP Level 5, wide-area top-down.

AircraftSensor

Aircraft-mounted sensor. OGMP Level 5, regional flyovers.

FixedSensorNode

Ground-level mesh network. OGMP Level 4/5, triangulation.

EmissionSource

Venting, flaring, fugitive, or combustion components. Source-level reporting.

MethaneSite

Top-level composition: devices, sources, reconciliations, OGMP reports.

SCEP Domain Structure

6 Part Defs

Storage Complex Evidence Pack (SCEP): versioned, certifiable data product composing all evidence artifacts for geological CO2 storage compliance. SCEP bridges subsurface interpretation with carbon accounting and certification, grounded in dVeracity OFP types (VerifiableCredential, AttestationRef, ConfidenceScore, SHA256Hash).

StorageComplexEvidencePack

Versioned, certifiable data product composing all evidence artifacts for geological CO2 storage compliance. Holds VerifiableCredential, AttestationRef, and SCEPVersionSnapshot.

StorageComplexBoundary

Geological boundary polygon with coordinate references, confidence scores, and structure map lineage. Defines the permitted storage complex extent.

BoundaryFeature

Structural feature within the boundary: fault, dome, salt wall, or stratigraphic pinch-out. Each feature has a transmissibility value and sealing behavior classification.

FaultInterpretation

Mapped fault with sealing behavior assessment (sealed/partially_sealing/leaking), reactivation risk, and cross-fault transmissibility. OFP-grounded interpretation activity record.

CaprockSurface

Caprock sealing effectiveness assessment with entry pressure, buoyancy pressure comparison, and safety margin. Grounded in ContainmentIntegrityAssessment record.

CarbonCreditRegistry

Carbon credit issuance, transfer, and invalidation tracking linked to SCEP certification status and MMV feedback outcomes.

PubSub Transport

19 Topics

Event-driven communication infrastructure. All inter-service communication is mediated through typed PubSub topics.

CCUSosdu.ccus.injection.recorded
CCUSosdu.ccus.containment.assessed
CCUSosdu.ccus.plume.observed
CCUSosdu.ccus.closure.recorded
SCEPosdu.ccus.scep.lifecycle
SCEPosdu.ccus.mmv.feedback
SCEPosdu.ccus.claim.adjusted
SCEPosdu.ccus.massbalance.recorded
SCEPosdu.ccus.containment.integrity
SCEPosdu.bridge.ofp.handshake
Methaneosdu.methane.detection.recorded
Methaneosdu.methane.quantification.recorded
Methaneosdu.methane.reconciliation.completed
Methaneosdu.methane.ogmp.report.submitted
Methaneosdu.methane.alert.raised
Platformosdu.platform.record.lifecycle
Platformosdu.platform.workflow.trigger
Platformosdu.platform.ingestion.complete
Bridgeosdu.bridge.dveracity.export

Regulatory Frameworks

7 Frameworks

4 CCUS frameworks (EPA UIC, EU CCS Directive, ISO 27914, SCEP Compliance) and 3 Methane frameworks (OGMP 2.0, EU Regulation 2024/1787, EPA OOOOb/OOOOc). Each framework specializes OSDURegulatoryRequirement with formal constraint references.

EPA UIC Class VI

CCUS

40 CFR 146 Subpart H

  • -Max injection pressure (90% of fracture)
  • -Area of review monitoring
  • -Well integrity (min 0.8 score)
  • -50-year post-injection site care
  • -Storage capacity management (85% max)

EU CCS Directive

CCUS

2009/31/EC

  • -Storage characterization
  • -Permanence (0.01% max leakage/year)
  • -Corrective measures (Art. 16)
  • -20-year post-closure monitoring
  • -Plume boundary compliance

ISO 27914

CCUS

ISO 27914:2017

  • -Storage permanence (0.01%)
  • -Risk management (FEP analysis)
  • -Site-specific monitoring plan
  • -Well integrity requirements

OGMP 2.0 Gold Standard

Methane

UNEP IMEO

  • -Level 4/5 covering 95% emissions
  • -Source-level accuracy (10% tolerance)
  • -Top-down reconciliation (20% max divergence)
  • -Annual IMEO reporting
  • -Quarterly measurement frequency

EU Methane Regulation

Methane

2024/1787

  • -Quarterly LDAR surveys (Art. 14)
  • -Venting/flaring prohibition (Art. 15)
  • -Methane intensity targets
  • -Super-emitter response

EPA Methane OOOOb/OOOOc

Methane

40 CFR Part 60

  • -Super-emitter response (5-day investigation)
  • -Advanced Monitoring Alternative
  • -Waste emissions charge (>25k tCO2e)
  • -Annual site-level reporting

SCEP Compliance

CCUS

TOG CCUS Q2-Q4 2026

  • -Carbon claim integrity (VerifiableCredential)
  • -SCEP version control (semantic versioning)
  • -Containment reassessment on anomaly
  • -Mass balance accounting (conservation)

SysML v2 Model Structure

19 SysML v2 files (~5,100 lines) defining the complete OSDU Data Platform architecture. Modelled from the sysml repository at osdu-data-platform/.

CoreServices18 part defs

15 v1.0 core services + 2 extensions + OSDUPlatform composition

DDMS3 part defs

Abstract DomainDataManagementService + CCUS/Methane specializations, 10 CCUS ports

CCUS::Structure8 part defs

Capture, Pipeline, Well, Reservoir, Monitoring, Plume, CCUSSite

CCUS::SCEP6 part defs

EvidencePack, Boundary, BoundaryFeature, FaultInterpretation, CaprockSurface, CarbonCreditRegistry

CCUS::StateMachines2 state defs

CCUSSiteLifecycle + SCEPLifecycle (5 states: Draft→Certified→Revoked)

CCUS::Behavior5 action defs

4 site actions + MMVFeedbackWorkflow (detect→reassess→adjust→update)

Methane::Structure9 part defs

6 device types, EmissionSource, MethaneSite composition

Methane::StateMachines2 state defs

MRV lifecycle (6 states) + OGMP Level Progression (5 levels)

Methane::Behavior4 action defs

4 action defs: Detection, Quantification, Reconciliation, OGMP

Integration37+ defs

19 PubSub topics, 17 interface defs, 6 SCEP ports, system-of-systems composition

Constraints15 constraints

15 constraint defs (5 CCUS + 5 Methane + 5 SCEP) with boolean expressions

Calculations13 calc defs

13 calc defs: 10 baseline + 3 SCEP (MassBalance, BaselineDeviation, PVT)

Requirements7 req defs

7 regulatory frameworks (4 CCUS + 3 Methane) with constraint references

VerificationCases15 verif defs

15 verification defs: 10 baseline + 5 SCEP (SealIntegrity, Fault, MassBalance, Claim, Timeliness)

Allocations35 allocations

satisfy/allocate traceability: 35 relationships mapping requirements to services

Compare with the standalone stack

Non-OSDU architecture: dVE Verification Engine, ELM, PubSub, Blockchain

Non-OSDU Architecture