Geospatial & Observations

A converging family of OGC, W3C, and ISO standards for observation data. SOSA/SSN models what a sensor observed; SensorThings moves it; STAC catalogs satellite and drone imagery; GeoSPARQL makes it all queryable in the knowledge graph. Together they turn measurement-based MRV — methane sensors, satellite plumes, drone surveys — into standard evidence.

OGC / W3C / ISO

RoadmapOMS-aligned stack

This family is how measurement-based MRV becomes standard evidence: a methane sensor reading (SOSA observation via SensorThings), a satellite plume detection (STAC item), and a facility boundary (GeoSPARQL geometry) all land in the knowledge graph as first-class, verifiable observations tied to OFP facilities.

Key Facts

SOSA/SSN
W3C Rec 2017; 2023 Edition draft (OMS-aligned)
STAC
v1.1 — OGC Community Standard (Oct 2025)
SensorThings
v1.1 published; v2.0 in adoption pipeline
GeoSPARQL
v1.1 (2024); v1.2 expected late 2026

The Stack

All four layers are aligning on one observation model — OMS (ISO 19156:2023) — which makes adopting them together the forward-compatible bet.

SOSA/SSN Ontology

W3C

The W3C/OGC ontology for observations: sensor, observed property, feature of interest, result. The RDF backbone for all measurement evidence in the VKG.

OGC SensorThings API

OGC

REST API for live sensor data — the standard transport for continuous monitoring feeds like methane sensor networks.

STAC

OGC CS

SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog: how satellite scenes, methane plume detections, and drone survey flights are cataloged and cited as evidence objects.

GeoSPARQL

OGC

Geospatial querying inside the existing SPARQL stack — which facilities intersect this plume, which assets sit in this basin.

Satellite MRV Sources

Data

Operational today: Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI (free, daily, global), Carbon Mapper Tanager and GHGSat (facility-scale plumes). MethaneSAT's 2024–25 archive remains usable as historical evidence.

Integration Flow

Sensor / Satellite / Drone
SOSA Observation + STAC Item
OFP Facility Context
Measurement-Based Evidence

Instrument data becomes standards-based observations linked to facilities — evidence that measures, not estimates.

Part of the Data Models family

See how every standard connects to the Open Footprint canonical core.

All Data Models